5. 3D Scanning and Printing¶
Group Task (Test Print)¶
3D Printing from Site (Thingiverse)¶
Thingiverse is a site used for getting 3D objects that can be used for 3D printing, this site provides many helpful designs that can upgrade your environment or decorate it.
Background Information¶
- when printing, if an angle of 90 degrees is on the program then adding support is a must so that it could be printable, support is an addition added when 3D printing designs that have an angle of 90 and will not be printable as intended without it (it is used to support enforcers and looks like columns).
- in order to print a floor suspended in the air without columns (no supports), it is necessary to not have an angle of 90 by making angles from 90 to 45 degrees and having the start of the object at the floor.
- it is not possible for a 2D cutting machine to make a suspended surface from one piece because lasers cut in an axis(operates on 2 dimensions only while cutting the material completely on the third) and setting its thickness and limit of cutting is making it impossible.
Models and prints¶
Printing Machines consist of Many Parts, some of them are:
* extruder
* heat element
* printer bed
Ultimaker 2+¶
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Owl - Ali Naser(Me)
more information - Product 3D file
Time to print with 20% infill and 100% Scale Factor (Ultimaker 2+): 4 hours and 7 minutes
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Baby Groot Keychain - Ahmed Mohammed
more information - Product 3D file
Time to print with 20% infill and 100% Scale Factor (Ultimaker 2+): 1 hour and 33 minutes
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Bull Whistle - Sayed Ali
more information - Product 3D file
Time to print with 20% infill and 100% Scale Factor (Ultimaker 2+): 1 hour and 20 minutes
Ender-3¶
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Print Test v1 - Ali Alshaway - Zaid Albasha
more information - Product 3D file
Time to print with 20% infill and 100% Scale Factor (Ultimaker 2+): 4 hours and 38 minutes
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Print Test v2 - Noof - Zainab
more information - Product 3D file
Time to print with 20% infill and 100% Scale Factor (Ultimaker 2+): 25 minutes
Prusa i3 MK2S¶
- Witcher Cat - Ali AlSaegh
more information - Product 3D file
Time to print with 20% infill and 100% Scale Factor (Ultimaker 2+): 1 hour and 11 minutes
Comparison Between Printing Machines¶
Ultimaker 2+¶
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printing time: 300 mm/s , more details
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quality: 0.02mm minimum layer resolution , more details
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problem encounter: Bad leveling, Adhesion type, Material settings, Cura adhesion settings,.... more problems
Main Moving Component for axis:¶
- x-axis: nozzle
- y-axis: nozzle
- z-axis: bed
Ender-3¶
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printing time: 60 mm/s, more details
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quality: 0.05mm minimum layer resolution more details
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problem encounter: Under-extrusion, Missing layers, Bed adhesion,..... more details
Main Moving Component for axis:¶
- x-axis: bed
- y-axis: nozzle
- z-axis: nozzle
Original Prusa i3 MK2S¶
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printing time: 200 mm/s, more details
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quality: 0.05mm minimum layer resolution more details
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problem encounter: color bleeding, filament jam, unable to unload filament MMU1,.... more details
Main Moving Component for axis:¶
- x-axis: bed
- y-axis: nozzle
- z-axis: nozzle
Comparison Result - After Testing¶
The Printer that had performed the best among these were Prusa i3 MK2S, as it faced the least amount of problems and can 3D print smaller objects with higher accuracy and durability while it was observed that Ender-3 was the least used 3D printer and Ultimaker 2+ was second after Original Prusa i3 MK2S even though there were 3D prints from Ultimaker 2+ that were fragile and destroyed by touch from Ultimaker 2+ due to being small and more durable in Original Prusa i3 MK2S.
Individual Task (Different 3D model print for printer)¶
3D manual made design (Fusion 360 - Prusa Slicer)¶
when I thought of a manual design to make, I thought that simplicity and efficiency would be best, so I desired to make something that can be used on a daily bases for people like me (wearing glasses), then I realized that I take my glasses off when sometimes in the FabAcademy activities and when documenting and could not find a proper place that is safe for my glasses and makes it easy to spot, this design could not be made using a 2D cutting machine because of its proportions mentioned at the background information.
Glasses Holder .STL file Download - Glasses Holder .F3d file Download
Steps for 3D Design¶
- Add Rectangle for Design floor
- Add 2 Rectangle for Glass Support Stand and move them on the floor designed
- Add Third Rectangle to act as a connection then extrude it to the height necessary of a glasses handle and move it onto the floor designed
- Combine the pieces together
- Adjust the Piece Sizes As Necessary
- It is Possible to Chamfer as an Extra Step on the pieces created on step 2 for Design (Was not Done Here).
Proportions of PrusaSlicer¶
- No supports
- 20% infill
- Temperature: Nozzle - 215, Bed - 60
- Scale Factor - 100
- Machine: Ultimaker 2
- Material: Generic PLA
material¶
The material that was used for printing is the best for prototypes, called PLA or plastic having diameter of 2.85 mm , materials used for 3D printing vary, example of them are ABS,PLA,Nylon(PA),PETG,TPU,PEI,HIPS.
Steps¶
first, we inserted the files we have as .stl into Prusa slicer and after editing them and adjusting them we exported the files we have as g-code from Prusa slicer, then sent them into an SD card that fits into the 3D printer
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print
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select file
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start printing
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finished printing
Results¶
this brought to me the idea of designing a stand for my glasses to keep them visible and safe at the same time, which I have designed and printed in 3D, tested it on the glasses possible in the workshop and the result is as follows:
Glasses Holder .STL file Download - Glasses Holder .F3d file Download
problems encountered (changing material)¶
filament broke when printing the group project, thus requiring us to change the PLA filament to PLA filament following the procedure given to us by our instructor which consisted of many steps, you can see the error we encountered in the image below: -
and I used the video below to learn how to change the filament
3D Scanning¶
Sensor & Distance¶
XBOX 360 is a visual sensor used for people playing games on Xbox, yet it can be used as a tool for 3D Scanning which is the case here.
- The Principle Behind 3D Scanning is to take a 360 video or images from sides to complete them
- A 3D scanner works by capturing data from a physical object’s surface to describe its shape in an accurate, digital, three-dimensional format Source
- The method used when scanning here is a taking a video on a chair and then rotating 360 using the tip of the foot
Steps¶
Start Recording > rotate on the chair with the tip of your legs > Complete 360 Rotation > Fill Holes > Add Colors > Export As .Stl File
- we export as .Stl because they are solid files, formattable, describe the surface geometry of a 3D and are commonly used to print with standard 3D printers (Universal file format readable by all 3D printers). Source
Results¶
These Are Images of my groupmate Ali-Alsaegh, you can see the final results
These Are Image of Me
.Stl File of my 3D Scanning My 3D Scan Result stl
Issues¶
The 3D Scanner Could not get a clear picture of our heads, thus creating a hole in the head which could not be filled well using fill holes feature